Derivation of N-Müller equations using Calderón identities

Muller equations are well known for solving scattering problems by dielectric objects. However, they are not widely used because the solution is unstable when Galerkin's method is applied. In this paper, the Calderon relation and the Calderon identities are used to derive the N-Muller equations from the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for scattering by a dielectric object, and the nx Buffa-Christiansen (BC) functions are used to test the N-Muller equations to avoid the appearance of the contour integral.