Lane position determination techniques for an Electronic Toll Collection system

In this paper various concepts for determining the probable lane position of a vehicle mount Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) transponder are presented and compared for Electronic Toll Collection (ETC). In particular, various configurations of roadside mount antennas and transceivers are presented. As a practical example, the system design methodology for a fixed beamwidth Toll Plaza AVI antenna capable of supporting a range of mounting heights is discussed in detail.