Electromagnetic Forces on the End Windings of Large Turbine Generators. II. Transient Conditions

A companion paper has explained the basic concepts of end winding forces during steady state, and has given examples of the variation of force with power factor [1]. The present paper extends the analysis to transient operation. The fields and currents are represented in the dqo reference frame. The fields are then projected onto the coil zones, and the cross product is taken in order to find the force. Several examples are given in which the instantaneous force is calculated.