Calibration of adaptive antennas in Satellite Navigation receivers

The focus of the paper is on practical aspects of the array calibration in adaptive antennas used in receivers of Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) for mitigating radio interference and multipath. A model for describing the measurements errors occurring in the receiver when using an adaptive antenna is introduced. The effect of different patterns of the array elements is studied in details. A practical implementation of the adaptive antenna receiver with a real-time calibration capability as well as field test results are presented.