Scattering from rough surfaces at low grazing incidence

The problem of scattering of electromagnetic waves from randomly rough surfaces illuminated at grazing incidence is addressed. A boundary integral equation is proposed, which, combined with the method of moments, allows an accurate estimation of the very low scattering cross-sections encountered in such conditions. This model is used as a tool to check the validity of approximate theories to predict the radar cross-section from sea surface in the microwave range.