Modeling of VLF/LF antenna insulators with an arbitrarily oriented thin wire loaded TLM node

This paper deals with the development of a time-domain full wave simulation tool for Very Low Frequency/Low Frequency antennas taking into account the surrounding components such as insulators. To overcome very large multi-scale problems involved with VLF/LF radiating structures, an efficient 3D arbitrarily oriented wire node was implemented in the TLM method in. The implementation of insulators as lumped component in this 3D wire model is now proposed. The insulator electric parameters were derived from simulation results of the field distribution along insulators, presented in.