Diodes in CMOS for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave circuits

High volume millimeter wave applications are emerging. With the speed improvement of CMOS, sub-millimeter wave operation of CMOS circuits appears to be possible. In traditional millimeter and sub-millimeter wave systems, discrete Schottky diodes are widely utilized. This paper reviews the high frequency performance of junction and Schottky diodes fabricated in CMOS without any process modification, and circuits using the diodes, as well as suggesting approaches that can improve their performance.