An improvement of a transcutaneous-energy transformer for a noninvasive rechargeable cardiac pacemaker battery

An improved method for a flat secondary transcutaneous transformer for a resonant converter that transfers several W of power across a large variable human skin gap is presented. The secondary transformer is piled, and the coupling coefficient, the conversion efficiency, the temperature rise are measured with an experimental set up. The coupling coefficient and the conversion efficiency are increased compared with a conventional transformer. The temperature rise decreases compared with a conventional transformer.