Modeling the primary reserve allocation in preventive and curative security constrained OPF

The paper presents the modelling of the primary reserve allocation that is needed to model accurately post-contingency states in Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) due to an incident involving a modification of the active power balance. The dynamic behaviour of the network between the pre- and post-contingency steady-states is not taken into account The proposed formulation is based on the use of an additional Active variable that plays the role of the steady-state frequency deviation in time-domain simulation. The SCOPF engine being based on a interior point method, the model of the constraints regarding the primary active power reserve is subject to the continuity and differentiability requirements even when the generators reach their production limits. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated on a 36 buses test system and the minimization of the active power production cost.