Regenerated transoceanic soliton systems: a study of intensity versus phase synchronous modulation

The principle of synchronous regeneration is the periodical modulation of a soliton train, combined with local clock extraction. Two types of modulation can be used to regenerate solitons: intensity (IM) or phase (PM). However, the respective impacts of IM and PM on the suppression of temporal jitter, noise, dispersive waves and pulse-to-pulse interactions differ.