Influence of annealing on cytocompatibility of anodized nanoscale titania surfaces

Recently titiania nanotubes show their potential in implant application, however their cytocompatibility are still controversial. In previous reports concerning the cytocompatibility of titania nanotube, someone annealed the titania nanotube to transform it from amorphous into anatase type while others didn't. It's believed by some people that the anatase type of titania may benefit osseointegration more as it can induce quicker and more bone-like apatite deposition, while its influence on cell behaviors has rarely be concerned. Considering that little has been known for the influence of titania phases on cell functions and the different titania phases used may account for the conflicting titania nanotube's biological behaviors reported, in this study the influence of annealing of titania nanotube on cell behaviors was studied.