Preparation and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells: Phase dependent study

In this work, we present a systematic investigation of the influence of mixed-phase TiO
2
with various a-TiO
2
to r-TiO
2
ratio (A/R) toward the DSSCs efficiency. It was found that though a-TiO
2
showed better performance than r-TiO
2
in DSSCs, the Ru-bipyridine dye (N719) sensitized TiO
2
films fabricated by mixed-phase TiO
2
with A/R = 9 gives the highest cell efficiency.