The Impact of Transport Electrification on Electrical Networks

In order to satisfy the growing expectation for energy-efficient ecofriendly transportation, a number of vehicle concepts have emerged, including the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and battery electric vehicle. Vehicle dynamics necessitate careful sizing of onboard energy storage systems. As the penetration of electric vehicles, in both the public and private sector increases, the requirement to facilitate and utilize them becomes paramount. A particular class of vehicle, the plug-in HEV also poses a greater challenge to existing terrestrial-based electrical supply systems. This paper establishes a series of well-defined electric vehicle loads that are subsequently used to analyze their electrical energy usage and storage in the context of more electrified road transportation. These requirements are then applied to a European Union residential load profile to evaluate the impact of increasing electrification of private road vehicles on local loads and the potential for vehicle and residential load integration in the U.K.