Active sonar ABF application issues

This paper discusses several issues which arise when designing algorithms for adaptive beamforming (ABF) as applied to active sonar. Adaptation on match-filtered data and the necessity for pre-steering are clarified. The validity of narrowband beamforming and the use of short data blocks are considered. The singular value decomposition and various spatial smoothing options are discussed. Augmentation, desensitization, and a closed-form quadratic constraint method are explained.