On-line detection of power system small disturbance voltage instability

Small disturbance (SD) voltage stability (or instability) deals with a system's ability to maintain satisfactory voltages following a small disturbance. For an operating condition, a system's SD voltage stability depends on the proximity of the condition to the critical point (or voltage collapse point). A Q angle and Q directional derivatives are proposed for SD voltage instability detection and weak bus identification, respectively. The Q angle index can handle different kinds of loads, e.g., constant P and Q, constant impedance, and constant current, or a combination of them, and is effective in dealing with generator VAr limits. Moreover, the computation speed of the Q angle is fast, which makes it suitable for on-line application. Simulation results using two power systems are provided.