Impacts of age and gender on arterial hemodynamic functions in normal subjects

The present study was aimed to examine the arterial normohemodynamic state for particularly blood velocity in common carotid artery (CCA) which influenced by the multiple factors of gender and aging. Evaluation of CCA blood velocity waveforms was performed in 202 healthy volunteers. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship between the fixed factor and the outcome hemodynamic variables after adjustment for the related factors. As a result, we showed normal velocity and its index after adjustment for related effects. There was a general age-related decreased in flow velocities, i.e. peak systolic (S1) and peak diastolic velocities (D), where as increased in second systolic velocity (S2). The resistive (RI) and vascular elasticity indices (VEI) decreased, and velocity reflection index (VRI) increased with advancing age. The age-associated decrease in the velocity and its indices was improved by regular exercise training, with no differential effects between the designed age groups. There was a gender difference in velocity and its indices, except for peak systolic blood velocity (S1). In conclusion, the normohemodynamic in blood velocity parameters in CCA are determined from a total of 202 healthy subjects between 20 and 69 years old after taken account for gender difference and exercise training effect. Findings may contribute to understand both normotension and normodynamic state with improved means of clinical implications and healthcare monitor.