Calibration of direct nuclear activation diagnostics for measuring proton, lithium, and fluorine intense ion beams

Summary form only given, as follows. In the light-ion-beam fusion program at Sandia National Laboratories an intense lithium beam is being developed to drive inertial confinement fusion targets. An important parameter of this lithium beam is its purity. Unfortunately, residual hydrocarbons in the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II (PBFA II) may contaminate the beam with hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. Also, when LiF anode sources are used, the beam may be contaminated with fluorine. To measure the amount of protons, lithium, and fluorine ions in the beam, we have developed direct nuclear activation diagnostics that are uniquely sensitive to these three ions. The specific reactions are /sup 7/Li(p,n)/sup 7/Be, /sup 10/B(p,/spl alpha/)/sup 7/Be, /sup 48/Ti(p,n)/sup 48/V, /sup 19/F(/sup 7/Li,d)/sup 24/Na, and /sup 11/B(/sup 19/F,2p)/sup 28/Mg. In particular, the diagnostics are based on the thick target yields of the ions interacting with LiF, BN, and Ti target materials. To calibrate these diagnostics we have measured the thick target yields of protons, lithium, and fluorine on each of these materials as a function of bombarding particle energy using a Van de Graaff accelerator. We have also irradiated these materials with carbon ions and determined that there are no significant interfering reactions (we have yet to investigate oxygen). The calibration data will be presented and the necessity of using "pepper shaker" geometry for fielding these diagnostics on PBFA II will be discussed.