LVDC distribution system protection — Solutions, implementation and measurements

An LVDC (low voltage DC) distribution system is a promising technology to be used in future smart distribution system having high level cost-efficiency and reliability. Protection of an LVDC distribution system differs from the traditional 20/0.4 kV AC distribution network; direct current and IT network complicates the customer-end protection. This paper describes practical protection solutions for the LVDC network and presents an LVDC system laboratory prototype in which experimental testing is performed.