Flux growth of bulk photorefractive barium titanate crystals

Single crystals of pure and Cr/sup 3+/ doped barium titanate (BaTiO/sub 3/) have been grown by top seeded solution growth technique (TSSG). TSSG system consists of a resistance heated super kanthal cylindrical furnace capable of temperatures up to 1540/spl deg/C along with crystal rotation and pulling arrangement. According to the phase diagram, 65 mol% TiO/sub 2/ is mixed with 35 mol% BaO to have a molten flux at 1460/spl deg/C. We typically have grown 20-39 g boules from 300 g of melt in a 100 ml platinum crucible. Polished and poled cubes as large as 15/spl times/15/spl times/10 mm/sup 3/ have been successfully fabricated.