Efficient implementation of the generalized Tunstall code generation algorithm

A method is presented for constructing a Tunstall code that is linear time in the number of output items. This is an improvement on the state of the art for non-Bernoulli sources, including Markov sources, which require a (suboptimal) generalization of Tunstall's algorithm proposed by Savari and analytically examined by Tabus and Rissanen. In general, if n is the total number of output leaves across all Tunstall trees, s is the number of trees (states), and D is the number of leaves of each internal node, then this method takes O((1 + (log s)/D)n) time and O(n) space.