Multi-decade carrier generation for cognitive radios

A bimodal quadrature oscillator and three divider chains produce carrier frequencies in the range of 1 GHz to 10 GHz in quadarature form and can also be used to cover lower decades. Fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology, a prototype consumes 31 mW and exhibits a phase noise of −120 dBc/Hz at 1.75 GHz and −93 dBc/Hz at 8.75 GHz at 1-MHz offset.