3 mW V-band divide-by-2 and W-band divide-by-4 wide locking range frequency dividers in 90-nm CMOS

The proposed divide-by-2 (D2) and divide-by-4 (D4) frequency dividers (FDs) achieve the widest locking range reported to date by using a dual-mixing technique in 90-nm CMOS. At an input power of 0 dBm, the D2 FD demonstrates a locking range of 51–74 GHz, and the D4 FD one of 82.5–90 GHz, without any tuning mechanism. The power consumption is only 3 mW for both the D2 FD and the D4 FD, from a 0.5 V supply.