A universal simulation model for SONET/SDH synchronization networks

In this paper, we propose and discuss a universal digital simulation model for synchronization networks, which can be applied to SONET/SDH networks of arbitrary structures. This model is derived from the models of the slave clock and of the synchronization link, which take into consideration all important impairments such as jitter, wander, frequency offset, phase hop, as well as phase and clock noises. Preliminary simulation results are also discussed.