Microwaves in the Space Age

Consideration is given to the direction of future microwave device research and development based on requirements for space communication, tracking, search and surveillance, and interference and countermeasures. The crucial element in two-way communication with a space vehicle is the vehicle-borne transmitter. The large values of one-way transmission loss associated with interplanetary distances will require great improvements in these transmitters. Radar involves two-way transmission loss, so even more improvement will be required for tracking and search radars. Solution of interference problems will require increased instantaneous bandwidths. Accordingly, it is suggested that much additional microwave device research and development work is needed. Average power and efficiency of microwave tubes must be increased, with the longer centimeter wavelengths to be used for earth-based radars and 1-30 millimeter wavelengths to be used for radars to be borne in space vehicles. This work should concentrate mainly on traveling-wave tubes. Solid-state low-noise receiving devices and low-noise traveling-wave tubes must be extended to higher frequencies and broader bandwidths. Means of generating microwave power through the use of plasmas must be investigated. All types of microwave election devices must be adapted to the space environment.