Commercialization of advanced batteries

Mader & Associates has been working as a contractor for the South Coast Air Quality Management District for several years. During this period it has performed various assessments of advanced battery technology as well as establishing the Advanced Battery Task Force. The paper is Mader's view of the status of battery technologies that are competing for the electric vehicle (EV) market being established by the California Air Resources Board's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate. The ZEV market is being competed for by various advanced battery technologies. Given the likelihood of modifications to the mandate, the most promising technologies should capture the following market share during the initial 10 years: lead-acid -8.4%, nickel metal hydride -50.8%, sodium sulfur -7.8%, and lithium ion -33.0%.