Rating of cables on riser poles, in trays, in tunnels and shafts-a review

This paper reviews rating of cables installed in air. The following cable installations are investigated: (1) cables on riser poles, (2) cables in open and closed trays, (3) cables wrapped in fire protection covers, (4) cables in horizontal tunnels, and (5) cables in vertical shafts. The rating of cables in these installations is computed by solving energy balance equations for the unknown surface temperature with a given conductor current. In ampacity computations the conductor current is adjusted iteratively until permissible cable conductor and surface temperatures are achieved. It is shown in the paper how the same energy balance equations can be used to compute the ratings of all the above cable installations.