Creation and optimization of vertical-cavity X-modulators

We have developed a photon conserving, reversible optoelectronic intensity modulator. The device works by using quantum wells in a slightly asymmetric InGaAs-AlGaAs QW Fabry-Perot cavity to direct an incident optical beam to transmit through the device or to be reflected from the device depending upon the state of the switching element. The first experimental device simultaneously switches reflectivity and transmission from 6% to 60% and 60% to 6%, respectively. We also examine the cavity design parameter space and effects of incident angle on device performance. Furthermore, experimental results from combinations of stacked devices are discussed. A theoretical analysis of the X-modulator design parameter space is given as is an analysis of the system response of our two element stacked devices. Finally, a thorough theoretical treatment of crossbar switches using symmetric X-modulators is provided.