Gating effects in time domain transforms

Gating is well known in modern VNAs for improving or isolating responses from multiple reflections in the frequency and time domain. However, the particular details of how positions of selections of the gate start and stop values, as well as gate shapes, aliasing and masking effects are not well documented. This paper presents an explanation of gate band-edge effects due to renormalization effects, and masking effects, and provides recommendations for improving the effectiveness of gating.