A two-layer microstrip antenna to generate cosecant-squared fan beam for monopulse tracking

A cosecant-squared fan beam of the monopulse tracking antenna system is widely used to receive track and telemetry data from the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flying at varying ranges and look angles. This paper presents the design and development of a compact two-layer microstrip antenna array to obtain sum and difference patterns in the azimuth plane and cosecant-squared radiation beam in its elevation plane.