1kb/s waveform interpolation speech coding based on non-negative matrix factorization

A new 1kb/s waveform interpolation (WI) speech coding algorithm based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is proposed and implemented in this paper. Multi-frame parameter joint vector or matrix quantization, parameter prediction and discrete cosine transform (DCT) are used to reduce the bit rate and to improve the quality of speech. The results of informal subjective listening test shows that the intelligibility and articulation of the algorithm are close to that of 2kb/s NMF-based WI coder (called ldquoNMF-WIrdquo as convenience).