Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers: Time domain spectroscopy and micro cavity effects

We have combined few-cycle THz spectroscopy with quantum cascade technology. This combination allows to perform unique THz time-domain measurements of THz-QCLs. By coupling the few-cycle THz pulse into the waveguide of the QCL, the processes within the active zone can be probed. This gives direct information regarding the energy, dynamics and coherence of transitions in the QCL structure. In addition, we will present micro-cavity quantum-cascade lasers emitting in the THz region. Strong mode confinement in the growth and in-plane directions are provided by a double-plasmon waveguide. We observe whispering-gallery modes and the threshold currents are smaller than from Fabry-Perot cavities; In the detailed study of the emission we were able to observe dynamical frequency pulling effects.