Observability analysis based on path graph concepts and triangular factorization of the Jacobian matrix

In this paper a method of observability analysis and identification of observable islands is proposed. The method is based on path graph concepts and triangular factorization of the Jacobian matrix. The main characteristic of the proposed method is to allow observable islands identification in a very simple and fast way, without demanding solutions of any algebraic equation. The method was tested in the IEEE-14, 30 and 118 bus system, providing to be reliable, fast, easy to implement and suitable for real-time operation.