An electronically scanned array with 180° scanning range using coupled phase-locked loops

In this paper, we present an active electronically scanned array with a 180° beam-scanning angle. With using type-II coupled phase-locked loop array and a reference signal, the array has stable operating frequency and precise control of main-beam direction. Using prescalers, the beam-scanning range is extended to cover ±90° off broadside. A three-element antenna array is implemented to verify this theory. The measured results agree with the simulated ones.