Stable bilateral teleoperation using the energy-bounding algorithm: Basic idea and feasibility tests

This paper presents basic idea and feasibility test results of the energy-bounding algorithm (EBA) for bilateral teleoperation. Various test results for free, contact, and abrupt motions show that the EBA can ensure stable bilateral teleoperation for the fairy large constant/variable time delays (2.5 sec for free motion and 300 msec for contact motion). In addition, the EBA with holding previous data strategy can achieve stable teleoperation when some packet drop is occurred during the data transmission.