Vertical dipole antenna above a lossy half-space: Efficient and accurate two-image approximation for the Sommerfeld's integral

A new, simple and general model for near field numerical calculation of the Sommerfeld's integral kernel (SIK) that corresponds to introduction of two fictitious images is proposed in this paper. Applying this model, the unknown current distribution (UCD) and input impedance of the vertical dipole antenna (VDA) placed above linear, isotropic and homogenous lossy half-space are determined. For this purpose, the system of integral equations of Hallen's type (SIE-H) is used, which was numerically solved using the point-matching method and assuming the UCD in a polynomial form.