Translunar low-energy trajectories via Earth-Moon L1 Lyapunov orbit

This paper is concerned with low-energy Earth-Moon transfer trajectory via Lyapunov orbit located on Earth-Moon libration point L1. The circular restricted three-body problem is used as the model for Earth-Moon system, and Birkhoff regularization is used to avoid singularities when the distance between spacecraft and primary is very short. Using both analytical and numerical methods, Lyapunov orbits near the collinear libration point L1 in CR3BP are computed. Stable and unstable manifolds of L1 Lyapunov orbit are generated. Finally, Optimized trajectory solutions were found using genetic algorithm between low earth/lunar orbit and stable/unstable manifolds of Lyapunov orbit.