Preparation of [110] Grain Oriented Barium Titanate Ceramics by Templated Grain Growth Method and Their Piezoelectric Properties

[110]-oriented barium titanate (BaTiO
₃
) ceramics were prepared by templated grain growth (TGG) method. The degree of orientation along the [110] direction, F
₁₁₀
, was measured using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern by the Lotgering method. To obtain both a high density and a high F
₁₁₀
, the preparation conditions were optimized. As for the results, BaTiO
₃
-grain-oriented ceramics with a high density of more than 96 % were successfully prepared despite various F
₁₁₀
values from 0 to 98 %. These grain-oriented BaTiO
₃
ceramics were poled at 100degC, and their piezoelectric properties were measured for d
₃₁
and d
₃₃
piezoelectric constants. As for the results, the d
₃₁
values were almost constant at -50 pC/N despite various F
₁₁₀
values, while the d
₃₃
values increased with increasing F
₁₁₀
values, and at around an F
₁₁₀
of 85 %, d
₃₃
reached a maximum of 800 pC/N.