Thermal lens effect on single-transverse-mode stability of proton-implanted photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Thermal lens effect on single-transverse-mode stability of proton-implanted photonic-crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is studied. Theoretical and experimental demonstration of the trade-off between the single-mode stability and low loss. Single-mode stability with a smaller lattice constant is also discussed.