Line-to-Line Short-Circuit-Based Finite-Element Performance and Parameter Predictions of Large Hydro Generators

A two-dimensional time-stepped finite-element (FE) method is used to model and successfully replicate saturated line-to-line and three-phase short-circuit test responses recorded on a 40-pole 13.75 MVA hydro generator at Hydro-Quebec's Rapides-des-Quinze generating station. Three levels of line-to-line and sudden three-phase short-circuit tests (0.13, 0.25, and 0.48 p.u.) are simulated numerically using the FE-based model. While symmetrical faults are only used for parameter determination, the computed line-to-line waveforms are thoroughly compared to real data, with a special attention given to field current responses. According to IEEE Standard 115-1995, the d-axis dynamic reactances and time constants are computed from three-phase short-circuit tests, while the negative-sequence reactance is derived from the line-to-line short-circuit test resulting in a rated armature current. The obtained simulated test responses and parameter values, from both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults, support the effectiveness of the proposed FE-based model in incorporating the saturation phenomenon, large number of poles, and detailed damper representation to achieve an accurate dynamic performance assessment together with negative-sequence reactance and dynamic constants prediction.