Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: LDPC decoder: A cognitive radio perspective for next generation (XG) communication

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles

"LDPC Decoder: A Cognitive Radio Perspective for Next Generation (XG) Communication,"
by Abu Baker, S Soumik Ghosh, Ashok Kumar, and Magdy Bayoumi,
in IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine,

After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.

This paper contains significant portions of original text from the papers cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original authors and/or paper titles) and without permission. The misconduct was committed specifically by Abu Baker, and his actions were done without the knowledge or approval of his coauthors.

Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following two articles:

"Energy/power estimation for LDPC decoders in software radio systems,"
By C.-H. Lee, W. Wolf,
in the Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation,

"Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey,"
by I. F. Akyildiz, W.-Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran, S. Mohanty,
in Computer Networks Journal, Elsevier, September 2006, Vol. 50, pp. 2127-2159
With the rapid growth of multimedia communication systems during the last decade, there has been an increasing demand for improved technology for Error Correcting Code (ECO to enable the communication systems to have a reliable transmission over noisy channels. Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are the best known ECC codes that can achieve data rates very close to the Shannon limit. In addition, superior error correction performance and parallelizable decoding algorithms have made LDPC codes a powerful competitor to turbo codes for reliable high speed communication applications. Recently, Cognitive Radio (CR) has been proposed as a promising technology to solve today's spectrum scarcity problem. CR promises to alleviate this spectrum shortage problem by dynamically accessing free spectrum resources. This implies that the radio has to work in multi-band, cope with various wireless channels and support various services such as voice, data and video. The basic requirement for CR is that it has a reconfigurable architecture to support multi-band and frequency adaptive operations. One of the ambitious design goals of future wireless systems, including 4G, IEEE 802.11n/802.16 standards, is to provide reliably very high data rate transmission in hostile environments: for example, around 100 Mb/s peak rate for downlink and around 30 Mb/s sum rate for uplink transmission with a low frame error rate (FER), typically less than 5 times10^-4. To ensure reliable nd error-free communication, there is a demand to consider implementing LDPC decoders in CR and frequency agile environments. In this article we discuss the design of adaptable as well as efficient LDPC decoders with low bit-error rate (BER) in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) channels for CR environments.