Gigabit Passive Optical Network - GPON

New services like Television (IPTV) and Video on demand (VoD) over internet together with High Speed Internet access (HSI) have demand for very high bandwidth to customers. XDSL have some form which can satisfy bandwidth demand (VDSL2) but have restriction regarding distance. Probably only suitable solution for high bandwidth demand with a long reach is using optical cable to customers (FTTx). One of the ways is using some type of Passive Optical Network (PON). Gigabit PON (GPON) is the most often type used by European and US providers (in addition with APON and BPON) while providers in Asia predominantly use EPON/GePON. This paper provides an overview of Gigabit PON and analyses network architecture, transmission mechanisms and power budget in GPON systems.