Impedance of Skeletal Muscle from 1 Hz to 1 MHz

We have measured the transverse and longitudinal impedance of skeletal muscle from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. An Ag-AgCl four-electrode test cell minimizes polarization error. We measured more than 100 samples from five mammals and chickens. Our tests showed that the transverse impedance changes with time at rates dependent on temperature due to muscle degradation. Thus, we performed tests within 20-30 min after sacrifice. The highest ratio of transverse to longitudinal impedance was 23. We fit our data to the usual three-element RC model.