Second-Order Perfectly Matched Layers for the Time-Domain Finite-Element Method

A formulation is presented to implement the second-order perfectly matched layer (PML) in the time-domain finite element (TDFE) simulation of electromagnetic problems. The formulation is validated by the numerical simulation of a waveguide, a stripline, and an antenna problem. The numerical results show clearly that the second-order PML implemented in the TDFE algorithm can effectively absorb both propagating and evanescent waves; hence, it provides an effective mesh truncation for the TDFE solution of wave propagation, scattering, and radiation problems