Bandgap voltage reference: errors and techniques for their minimization

Design analysis of CMOS bandgap voltage references focusing on high accuracy and low temperature coefficient methodologies and structures are discussed in this paper. Some wide temperature range bandgap voltage reference circuits are included and analysed. Several solutions for total bandgap voltage reference error minimization are proposed. A proposed bandgap voltage reference with output voltage accuracy 1.2V plusmn 0.35% over the temperature range of -40 to 125degC