Interrelationship of Time Error, Frequency Deviation, and Inadvertent Flow on an Interconnected System

The interrelationship of time error, frequency deviation and inadvertent flow is discussed as it affects each system of an interconnection and the interconnection as a whole. The various quantities causing inadvertent flow and time error are evaluated. In addition to power flow (MW) and time error, the flow of energy (MWh) is treated. Numerical examples of conditions of inadvertent flow are included.