A Parametric Device as a Nonreciprocal Element

A parametric device has been proposed which is equivalent to a passive nonreciprocal phase shifter. A first-order analysis is made assuming the series resistance effect in the variable capacitance diode to be negligible and a dispersion theory for matching and bandwidth of the nonreciprocal element is developed. The nonreciprocal phase behavior of the device was exhibited experimentally over a narrow frequency band.