Estimation of body fluid losses during abdominal surgery by impedance measurement technique

Electrical impedances of the arm, the leg and the trunk are measured separately from the right side at 50 KHz (1 mA r.m.s.), from patients undergoing abdominal surgery, using the tetrapolar (current drive-voltage sense) measurement technique with disposable ECG electrodes. Experimental results strongly support the clinical usefulness of this technique.<
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