An analysis of the reliability of percutaneous intramuscular electrodes in upper extremity FNS applications

Electrical stimulation through chronically indwelling percutaneous intramuscular electrodes has been utilized to restore functional grasp in paralyzed individuals. A retrospective analysis of the reliability of the electrode has demonstrated the utility of these electrodes for chronic use in functional neuromuscular stimulation of the upper extremity. The study involved 710 electrodes implanted in 38 patients in Cleveland over a 13.5 year period. Complications were infrequent and minor. The probability of an electrode surviving for six months was 88%, allowing outpatient use of an upper extremity neuroprosthetic system.<
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