Direction finding of magnetospheric VLF/ELF waves based on the simultaneous measurement of multiple field components

The authors report on an attempt to determine the wave energy distribution at the ionospheric base by using the simultaneous recording of three field components (B/sub x/, B/sub y/, and E/sub z/) observable on the ground. They present inversion techniques to find how the wave energy density is distributed at the ionospheric base by using the observed fields. The inversion methods proposed are used to estimate the wave distribution functions of magnetospheric VLF waves on the basis of simultaneous measurements of multiple electromagnetic field components.<
>