Scattering and radiation from microstrip patch antennas and arrays residing in a cavity

A hybrid numerical technique for characterizing the scattering and radiation properties of microstrip patch antennas and arrays residing in a cavity which is recessed in a ground plane is presented. The technique combines the finite-element and boundary integral methods to formulate a system for the solution of the fields at the aperture and those inside the cavity via the bioconjugate gradient method and fast Fourier transform. By virtue of the finite-element method, the proposed technique is applicable to patch antennas and arrays residing on or embedded in a layered dielectric substrate and is also capable of treating various feed structures and impedance loads. Several numerical results are presented, demonstrating the efficiency and capability of the technique.<
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